Climate models are essential tools for understanding and predicting our planet, but accurately setting their many internal parameters is complex and has been a labor-intensive manual task in the past.

When fires in Quebec blanketed much of the eastern United States and Canada with thick smoke in June 2023, many of us wondered: what’s causing these wildfires? While lightning strikes ignite half of ...

(A) Observed zonal-mean temperature trends from 8-30 kilometers during 2002-2022. Stippling indicates statistically significant trends at 95% confidence. The climatological lapse-rate tropopause ...

Warm water flowing into fjords and beneath ice shelves will continue to be a prime cause of glacial melting as global temperatures rise. This melting will, in turn, contribute to sea level rise and ...

In high-latitude Arctic fjords, warming seas and reduced sea ice are boosting seaweed growth. This expansion of seaweed “forests” could alter the storage and cycling of carbon in coastal Arctic ...

New research examines how the horses of Shackleford Banks in North Carolina may be affected by changing water conditions. Credit: Matthew Sirianni Shackleford Banks is an 8-mile-long barrier island ...

Before Earth became the Blue Planet, it was engulfed by a very different kind of ocean: a vast, deep magma ocean reaching down hundreds or perhaps even thousands of kilometers. As early Earth’s magma ...

Feather fossils are rarely found in three dimensions and are even more rarely found in mineralized form. Credit: Edoardo Terranova Valentina Rossi first saw the 30,000-year-old griffon vulture as a ...

Climate change is causing trees in the boreal forest to grow faster. But is it enough to offset carbon emissions from forest disturbances? Credit: Jakub Fryš, CC BY SA 4.0 In the world’s cold northern ...

The aftermath of the 4 November 2025 landslide at Mae Moh Mine in Thailand. Image copyright Planet, captured on 15 November 2025, used with permission. Planet imagery shows the massive coal waste ...

The array of processes and organisms that make up the biological carbon pump has immense influence on Earth’s carbon cycle and climate. But there’s still much to learn about how the pump works. During ...

Rocks are important in subsurface engineering, but they are mostly invisible, extremely heterogeneous, and difficult to access. Thus, data on rock properties is scarce and uncertainties are large. Liu ...