Cells of all organisms process numerous signals originating from the internal biological processes or from the environment to produce the appropriate cellular response. Designed gene regulatory ...

It’s time to do a series on logic including things such as programmable logic, state machines, and the lesser known demons such as switching hazards. It is best to start at the beginning — but even ...

Ladder logic uses switch or relay contacts to implement Boolean expressions. In years past, ladder logic was made possible with discrete relays and was sometimes termed “relay logic.” Today most ...

It’s possible to use an 8:1 multiplexer to implement any 3-input logical function, but can we use it to implement a 4-input function? On the one hand, some logic problems never seem to go away. On the ...

Have you ever found yourself staring at a tangled mess of Excel formulas, wondering if there’s a simpler way to get the results you need? You’re not alone. Whether you’re managing sales data, tracking ...

The NOT function in Microsoft Excel is a built-in Logical function that reverses the logic of its argument. It ensures that one value is not equal to another. When given TRUE, NOT returns FALSE. When ...