Excerpted from What Teachers Need to Know About Memory by Jonathan Firth and Nasima Riazat. Copyright (c) 2024 by Corwin Press, Inc. All rights reserved. Some of the ...

The concept of "desirable difficulties" One of the greatest insights in the last 20 years that has serious potential to improve classroom teaching has been Robert Bjork's concept of desirable ...

Emerging research suggests that, contrary to what students may think, material that’s easy to understand is not always easy to learn—and working harder can help them hold on to what they’ve learned.

Effective learning isn't just about finding the easiest path—it's about the right kind of challenge. Two prominent theories—Desirable Difficulties (DDF) and Cognitive Load Theory (CLT)—offer valuable ...

Remember being in middle school and preparing for an exam? Chances are you spent your study time paging through your class notes or rereading the textbook. Maybe you highlighted important details as ...